La libertà by John Stuart Mill

“La libertà” by John Stuart Mill is a philosophical treatise written in the mid-19th century. This influential work examines the nature and limits of individual freedom, focusing on the essential role of liberty in human development and societal progress. Central to Mill’s argument is the examination of the interactions between authority and individual rights, emphasizing the need for protection against social and political tyranny. The opening of “La libertà” introduces Mill’s exploration of social and civil liberty, distinguishing it from the concept of free will. It posits that the primary question is the extent to which society can exercise power over individuals. Mill reflects on historical struggles between freedom and authority, outlining a foundational principle: the only valid reason for restricting individual liberty is to prevent harm to others. He emphasizes that societal norms and pressures can also create forms of tyranny, which the individual must be safeguarded against. Moreover, Mill advocates for the importance of personal autonomy in expression and belief, arguing that society benefits from allowing diverse opinions to flourish, as this creates a more robust discourse that serves the pursuit of truth and progress.